![]() the employment of workers through third-party labour suppliers, rather than directly by the factory, farm or enterprise) is common in the garment industry, including in key sourcing countries such as India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Turkey, both in first-tier suppliers and beyond. Without regular contracted work, workers struggle to access credit or financial services, making them more vulnerable to loan sharks or other forms of exploitation.Ĭontract labour (i.e. These casual labour and homeworking practices can add further stress and isolation for workers, with no guarantees of income or workflow. A demand for lower prices, shorter lead times, range seasonality and last-minute changes to orders push suppliers and manufacturers to adopt strategies to flex their labour force, with casual work, piece-rate work, sub-contracting and home-based working all part of managing production in a complex supply chain. Purchasing practices of fashion brands, and the growing trends around fast fashion pose challenges for the industry seeking to provide stable and secure jobs for workers, with sustainable and fair employment practices. They have no formal contracts and little or no access to the social benefits afforded to permanent workers, leaving them and their families potentially trapped in a cycle of poverty. From the sourcing of raw materials, through distribution and manufacturing to retail, millions of workers in the fashion industry are struggling to survive in precarious and insecure jobs. ![]()
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